Setting Up A Python Dev Environment

What’s the simplest way to locally run different versions of Python and PyPi packages on macOS?

After getting back into Python recently I set out to discover this. When working on multiple projects, globally installing packages is a fast track to dependency hell.

There seem to be a few competing approaches to handling this but after some research, I found a simple approach using pyenv and the pyenv-virtualenv plugin that should have you up and running in no time.

First i’d recommend installing the package manager homebrew if you don’t already have it, then you can follow the guide below:

• $ brew install pyenv zlib
  • Installs pyenv which will let you obtain and manage different versions of Python.
  • zlib is a Python installation dependency.
• $ brew install pyenv-virtualenv
  • Installs a plugin which will provide an interface between pyenv and virtualenv, giving you the ability to create isolated virtual environments for the unique dependencies of your project.
• Add eval "$(pyenv init -)" and eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)" to your .bash_profile so both of these packages are always available.
• $ xcode-select --install
  • You may need to update Xcode/Command Line Tools before installing specific versions of Python.
• $ pyenv install 3.6.0 && pyenv rehash
  • Replace 3.6.0 with the version you wish to install. You can see what’s available by running $ pyenv install --list. You’ll need to run the rehash command any time you install a new Python version.
• $ pyenv local 3.6.0
  • Sets the local version of Python, and creates a .python-version file in your project. Good for locally running project files and serves as documentation.
• $ pyenv virtualenv 3.6.0 venv3.6.0
  • Creates a virtual environment called venv3.6.0 with the language specified as 3.6.0 and you will use this environment to install project specific dependencies.
• $ pyenv activate venv3.6.0
  • Activate this environment you just created.

Congratulations, you now have a way to isolate dependencies for your projects. Now to install specific dependencies and enable other developers to clone and run your project, you need to create a requirements.txt file in the root of your project which lists your dependencies and their versions.

Then you can install packages in two ways:

1. Add packages to your requirements.txt directly, then run $ pip install -r requirements.txt
2. Manually install packages e.g. $ pip install package_name==0.1.5 then run $ pip freeze > requirements.txt to add them to your requirements.txt.

New developers can simply clone your project and (assuming they have pyenv and pyenv-virtualenv setup) can simply create their own virtual environment as above and run $ pip install -r requirements.txt.

Note that I did look into other solutions using Miniconda, Distutils/setup.py, Docker but the pyenv and virtualenv combination seems to be nice way to get started and avoid global dependency headaches.